Identification and protection of special areas and particularly sensitive sea areas. Colourcoding and numbering is used to illustrate the 14 particularly sensitive sea areas, including the recently added areas of saba bank and strait of bonifacio. An example of this is plastic pollution, the majority of which originates on land, which has recently been found in the. A pssa is an area that has been provided special protection through action by the imo because of its significance for recognized ecological. In one wellstudied beaked whale population, there was a noticeable decline in numbers for years after a sonarinduced stranding, implying that much or most of the local population was either displaced or killed claridge 2006. Special areas under marpol map free pdf file sharing. Such traffic carries the risk of groundings, collisions. Koslow eds managing risks to biodiversity and the environment on the high sea, including tools such as marine protected areas scientific requirements and legal aspects, bfnskripten 43 bonn. In many cases a particularly sensitive sea area may be identified within a special area and vice versa. Particularly sensitive sea areas pssas are areas that need special protection through action by the international maritime organisation imo because of their significance for recognized ecological, socioeconomic or scientific reasons where such attributes may be vulnerable to damage by international maritime activities. The challenges of l ogistics area section in commercializing arctic shipping, dr. Regional ocean governance of areas beyond national. Is biodiversity comprehensively managed in areas beyond. This initiative won the backing of the council at the.
List of special areas under marpol special areas amendments adopted to the marpol annex entry into force of the amendments more stringent measures in effect. Particularly sensitive sea areas pssas for shipping. The imo also named r torres strait as a pssa in 2005. A pdf file of this report may be obtained for no cost from the environmental law institute website at please contact xiao recio blanco recio. There are currently fourteen designated particularly sensitive sea areas, as set out in table 1. Sensitivity to pollution of nearsurface hil ground.
New zealand designates network of deep sea protected. Particularly sensitive sea area how is particularly. The marpol convention defines certain sea areas as special areas in which, for technical reasons relating to their oceanographical and ecological condition and to their seatraffic, the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution is required. New zealand designates network of deep sea protected areas.
Since there is limited experience to date with the application of areabased management tools on the high seas, this article examines the practical implications of establishing such measures through an analysis of the international maritime organizations imo particularly sensitive sea area concept. Agustin blancobazan, the imo guidelines on particularly sensitive sea areas. Agustin blancobazan, the imo guidelines on particularly sensitive sea areas pssas. Lessons learnt and ways forward 5 executive summary 1 abnj comprise both the water column high seas and the seabed the area beyond states 200 nautical mile exclusive economic. The impact of ocean noise pollution on marine biodiversity. A particularly sensitive sea area pssa is an area that needs special protection through action by imo because of its significance for recognized ecological or socioeconomic or scientific reasons and which may be vulnerable to damage by international maritime activities. Particularly sensitive sea areas and the law of the sea cdr james kraska, jagc, usn1 abstract the international community has developed several concepts that provide special status and enhanced regulation for environmental protection throughout large areas of. Imo particularly sensitive sea area designation and associated protective measures. They include the buffalo and pelican river sand plain aquifers and beach ridge complex region figure 2, plate 3. Particularly sensitive sea areas the imos role in protecting.
Fifteen years of particularly sensitive sea areas university of. Particularly sensitive sea areas pssa biodiversity az. One such pressure, particularly on deepsea ecosystems, is pollution from landbased activities. International news and analysis on marine protected areas vol. Particularly sensitive sea areasan overview of relevant. Basic legal regime for environment protection envisaged in 1982 convention for areas beyond national jurisdiction abnj but implementation regime has not materialised. Designations of large particularly sensitive sea areas pssas triggered a controversial debate within the international maritime organisation imo concerning the legal basis of pssas, the relationship between the imos pssa guidelines and unclos, as well as the competency of imo to adopt mandatory protective measures in these areas. Rev1 recognizing that anthropogenic ocean noise, depending on source and intensity, is a form of. The pssa includes the entire florida keys national. Areas closed to anchoringall vessels are prohibited from anchoring in the tortugas ecological reserve. Marine environmental protection committee mepc, imo, london, uk. Reef as the worlds first particularly sensitive sea aea pssa. Particularly sensitive sea areasan overview of relevant imo documents. Development strategy and policy of chinas shipping industry, prof.
The only organization having a specific competence in the field of mediterranean. Towards ecosystembased management of the global ocean. Mpas restrict human activity for a conservation purpose, typically to protect natural or cultural resources. Legal tools for strengthening marine protected area enforcement. Study of the current status of ratification, implementation. Aldo is chair of the international working group on. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file. A particularly sensitive sea area pssa is an area that needs special protection through action by imo because of its significance for recognized ecological or. Particularly sensitive sea areas and the law of the sea. Notes depicting their required protective measures are also provided as defined by the international maritime organisation imo. Marine protected area networks or mpa networks have been defined as a group of mpas that interact with one another ecologically andor socially form a network. Emissions control areas secas and nitrogen oxide emission control areas necas in several areas of the world, among which are the baltic and the north sea seca. Marine protected areas and climate change mitigation.
Australian maritime safety authority, canberra act australia may 2017 amsa 149 517 page 2 of 3 a seefact sheet transferring ownership of an australian ship particularly sensitive sea areas the apms are limited to actions that are to be, or have. Process for the designation of a pssa the imo is the international body responsible for designating areas as pssas and adopting apms. Sensitive sea areas map american nautical services. In order for the area to be identified as a pssa, it must meet one of the criteria listed below in section 4. Particularly sensitive sea areas in the high seas, professor david freestone, the george washington university law school 3. Maritime organization imo particularly sensitive sea areas pssas. These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities. An application to the imo for designation of a pssa may be submitted only by an imo member government or governments. Pdf particularly seasensitive areas and marine protection. This document is submitted in support of the united states proposal. Imo guidelines about australias particularly sensitive sea areasthe great barrier reef, torres strait and coral sea. A pssa is an area that has been provided special protection through action by the imo because of its significance for recognized ecological, socioeconomic or scientific attributes, and. Special areas and the identification of particularly sensitive sea areas. The impact of ocean noise pollution on marine biodiversity linda s.
Particularly sensitive sea areas pssas and marine environmentally high risk areas mehras september 2003 rationale on 4 september 2002, the world summit on sustainable development wssd adopted the plan of implementation, which strongly reaffirmed its commitment to the rio principles and the full implementation of agenda 21. Designations of large particularly sensitive sea areas pssas triggered a. Sensitive sea areas pssa, a compilation of official guidance documents and pssas. Such marine resources are protected by local, state, territorial, native, regional. Having agreed that criteria for identification of a particularly sensitive sea area provided in resolution a. This document is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the work of the international maritime organization imo as it relates to the united nations convention on the law of the sea the convention or unclos. Such large numbers of walrus in one location can lead to them using up their food supply in that area and. Overview of particularly sensitive sea areas safety4sea. Noting that resolution 19986 of the international whaling commission iwc identified the. Advanced search help particularly sensitive sea areasan overview of relevant imo documents in the international journal of marine and coastal law. Guidelines on designating a particularly sensitive sea area pssa are contained in resolution a. Notes depicting their required protective measures are also provided as defined by.
In this respect coastal states, through imo, can take some measures which may result in restrictions on the traditional freedom of passage. Particularly sensitive sea areasan important environmental. Pssa particularly sensitive sea areas rfb regional fisheries body rfmoa regional fisheries management organisationagreement. Also with a view to the july conference, the member states with an atlantic seaboard portugal, spain, france, belgium, the uk and ireland announced their intention of launching an initiative at the imo with a view to obtaining recognition of the status of particularly sensitive sea area. List of areas under marpol and particularly sensitive sea. Climate change effects on arctic ecosystems and species. Identification and protection of special areas and particularly sensitive sea areas designation of the papahanaumokuakea marine national monument as a particularly sensitive sea area submitted by the united states summary executive summary. Originally prepared in 1987 and issued as document legmisc. Particularly sensitive sea areas an important environmental concept at a turningpoint published on 01 jan 1994 by brill nijhoff. The great barrier reef, torres strait and coral sea have been identified as particularly sensitive sea areas pssa. Friends of the san juans friends is an environmental advocacy nonprofit based in friday harbor, washington. Particularly sensitive sea areas australian maritime safety authority. Helson says, the minister of fisheries suggested to industry that the proposal would be considerably strengthened if particularly sensitive habitats were included, such as hydrothermal vents.
In response, the fishing industry offered to close the three additional areas to increase the conservation value of. Founded in 1979, friends is dedicated to preservation, both locally and internationally. Particularly sensitive sea areas 4 the mepc began its study of the issue of pa rticularly sensitive sea areas pssas in response to resolution 9 of the 1978 international conference on tanker safety and pollution prevention concerning the protection of such sea areas. Its mission is protecting and restoring the san juan islands and the salish sea for people and nature. Particularly sensitive sea areas and the law of the sea cdr james kraska, jagc, usn1 abstract the international community has developed several concepts that provide special status and enhanced regulation for environmental protection throughout large areas of the high seas and exclusive economic zones. Pdf a particularly sensitive sea area pssa is defined as an ecologically, economically and scientifically significant area which could be. Special areas and the identification of particularly sensitive sea areas, has identified shipping noise as a pollutant that can adversely affect the marine environment and living resources of the sea. These networks are intended to connect individuals and mpas and promote education and cooperation among various administrations and user groups. Using a comprehensive planning tool to protect habitats from shipping roughly 80% of international trade is carried by ship. Pssa particularly sensitive sea areas rfb regional fisheries body rfmoa regional fisheries management organisationagreement rsc regional seas convention sai significant adverse impacts siofa south indian ocean fisheries agreement soi sustainable oceans initiative sprfmo south pacific regional fisheries management organisation. The particularly sensitive sea area concept springerlink. Particularly sensitive sea areas australian maritime.
Particularly sensitive sea areas pssas, based on unclos and imos resolutions, which can in principle incorporate any imo measure that it has at its disposal to protect. Particularly sensitive sea areasan overview of relevant imo. As sea ice has withdrawn from areas shallow enough for walruses to dive into, they have formed large congregations on land. Their possible application to the protection of underwater cultural heritage, 20 marine poly 343, 349 1996. A particularly sensitive sea area pssa is given special protection.
Rfmos, particularly sensitive sea areas pssas designated by the international maritime organization imo, or areas of particular environmental interest apeisreference zones designated by. This does not exclude the conclusion of regional or subregional agreements to organize response to shipping accidents or to address specific matters. Gjerde, protecting particularly sensitive sea areas from shipping. The republic of the marshall islands rmi issued a marine notice setting out the requirements for complying with imo particularly sensitive sea areas pssas. A particularly sensitive sea area pssa is defined as an ecologically, economically and scientifically significant area which could be negatively affected by international shipping and which. The map shows areas particularly sensitive to pollution from sources or activities at the land surface. Particularly seasensitive areas and marine protection zones. Particularly sensitive sea areas pssas are sea areas which need special protection on environmental grounds.
A controversial issue that needs interpretation article pdf available in global nest journal 1151. Pdf particularly sensitive sea areas beyond national jurisdiction. The international maritime organization imo has just celebrated the fifteenth anniversary of assembly resolution 72017, adopted on november 6, 1991. Marine protected areas mpa are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the us, the great lakes. The florida keys particularly sensitive sea area pssa is a zone designated by the international maritime. In one wellstudied beaked whale population, there was a noticeable decline in numbers for years after a sonarinduced stranding, implying that much or most of.
German federal agency for nature conservation, 2001, pp. The information and views set out in this final report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect. It sets forth revised guidelines for the identification and designation of particularly sensitive sea areas the guidelines or. He is currently working on the regulation of arctic shipping, greenhouse gas emissions from ships, autonomous shipping, particularly sensitive sea areas, jurisdiction over ships and maritime regulation theory. Areabased management tools abmts, including marine protected areas mpas in addition to mpas for the comprehensive protection of nature,9 current examples of abmts are primarily at the single sector level, for example. Imo guidelines for the identification and designation of particularly sensitive sea areas imo guidelines. Special areas and emission control areas ecas under marpol. Florida keys particularly sensitive sea area pssa the florida keys particularly sensitive sea area pssa is a zone designated by the international maritime organization that encircles the sea area around all of the florida keys. Proposed framework and key elements of a third unclos.
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